{"id":4252,"date":"2020-06-22T16:41:26","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T20:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/?p=4252"},"modified":"2020-06-19T11:30:38","modified_gmt":"2020-06-19T15:30:38","slug":"should-diabetes-treatment-lessen-for-older-adults-approaching-the-end-of-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/should-diabetes-treatment-lessen-for-older-adults-approaching-the-end-of-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Should Diabetes Treatment Lessen for Older Adults Approaching the End of Life?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JAGS-graphic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1223 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JAGS-graphic-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JAGS-graphic-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JAGS-graphic-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JAGS-graphic.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Journal of the American Geriatrics Society<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0Research Summary<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Tambi\u00e9n disponible en espa\u00f1ol \u2013 Ver abajo.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One in four people aged 65 or older has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/a-z-topic\/diabetes\">diabetes<\/a>. The disease is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and a major contributor to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/for-older-adults-keeping-your-heart-healthy-may-protect-against-disability\/\">heart disease<\/a>. Experts have recommended that the best way to slow the progression of diabetes\u2014and help prevent its many complications\u2014is to maintain strict control of blood sugar levels. For healthy younger people, this means keeping the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/should-older-adults-with-diabetes-maintain-tight-blood-sugar-control\/\">target blood sugar<\/a> level (known as A1c or HbA1c) lower than 6.5 percent to 7.0 percent.<\/p>\n<p>For older adults who have a limited life expectancy or who have advanced dementia, however, maintaining that target blood sugar level may cause more harm than good. For example, these older adults may not live long enough to experience potential benefits. What\u2019s more, maintaining these strict blood sugar levels can raise the risk of potentially harmful events such as low blood sugar (also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/should-older-adults-with-diabetes-maintain-tight-blood-sugar-control\/\">hypoglycemia<\/a>). This can cause falls or loss of consciousness.<\/p>\n<p>For these reasons, many guidelines now suggest targeting higher HbA1c targets\u2014such as between 8.0 percent and 9.0 percent\u2014for older adults who have multiple chronic conditions or limited life expectancy, or who live in nursing homes.<\/p>\n<p>There is not much existing research to guide health care practitioners as to what the appropriate levels of diabetes medications are for this group of older adults. There is also little information about the effects for these individuals of taking fewer or lower dose of diabetes medications.<\/p>\n<p>Experts suspect that lessening diabetes treatment in these older adults has the potential to prevent unnecessary hospitalizations due to lowering the risk for harmful drug events and increasing the patients\u2019 comfort.<\/p>\n<p>In order to investigate the issue, a team of researchers conducted a study\u2014one of the first national studies to examine potential overtreatment and deintensification of diabetes management in nursing home residents with limited life expectancy or dementia. The researchers chose nursing home residents to study because admission to a nursing home could give healthcare practitioners a chance to learn more about patient goals and preferences and to review and adjust medications accordingly. The researchers published their results in the <em>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society<\/em>.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The researchers examined information from Veterans Affairs nursing homes from 2009 to 2015. Their goal was to learn more about older adults with diabetes, particularly those nearing the end of their life or who have dementia. The researchers investigated whether these older adults were overtreated for diabetes, whether they had their diabetes medication regimens lessened, and what effects might result from lowered doses, types and\/or different kinds of medication.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers wanted to learn specifically how often diabetes treatments were lessened. Among the nursing home residents identified as potentially overtreated, the researchers examined how much their diabetes treatment regimens were lessened during the 90 days of follow-up.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers did not consider insulin dose changes, because insulin doses may be influenced by factors such as eating habits.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers said they observed potential overtreatment of diabetes in almost 44 percent of nursing home admissions for veterans with diabetes and veterans who had limited life expectancy or dementia. Potentially overtreated residents were about 78 years old and were nearly all male and non-Hispanic white. Two-thirds of the residents had been admitted to nursing homes from hospitals. A total of 29 percent had advanced dementia, almost 14 percent were classified with end-of-life status, and 79 percent had a moderately high risk of dying within six months. Many were physically dependent and had heart disease and\/or potential diabetes-related complications. In addition, about 9 percent of overtreated residents had a serious low blood sugar episode in the year prior, emphasizing the need for deintensification.<\/p>\n<p>Nearly half of residents received two or more diabetes medications, and those with higher HbA1c values of between 6.5 percent to 7.5 percent received more diabetes medications than those with lower HbA1c.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers concluded that many veteran nursing home residents with limited life expectancy or dementia may be overtreated for their diabetes at the time of admission. The researchers suggested that future studies examine the impact of deintensification on health outcomes and adverse events to better understand the risks and benefits of diabetes management strategies in this group of older adults.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This summary is from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16360\">\u201cDeintensification of Diabetes Medications among Veterans\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16360\">at the End of Life in VA Nursing Homes.\u201d<\/a><\/strong><strong> It appears online ahead of print in the <em>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society<\/em>. The study authors are Joshua D. Niznik, PharmD, PhD; Jacob N. Hunnicutt, PhD; Xinhua Zhao, PhD; Maria K. Mor, PhD; Florentina Sileanu, MS; Sherrie L. Aspinall, PharmD, MSc; Sydney P. Springer, PharmD, MS; Mary J. Ersek, PhD, RN; Walid F. Gellad, MD, MPH; Loren J. Schleiden, MS; Joseph T. Hanlon, PharmD, MS; Joshua M. Thorpe, PhD, MPH; and Carolyn T. Thorpe, PhD, MPH.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfDeber\u00eda reducirse el tratamiento de la diabetes para los adultos mayores que se acercan al final de la vida?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Una de cada cuatro personas de 65 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s tiene <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/a-z-topic\/diabetes\">diabetes<\/a>. Esta enfermedad es la s\u00e9ptima causa principal de muerte en los Estados Unidos y un importante contribuyente a la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/for-older-adults-keeping-your-heart-healthy-may-protect-against-disability\/\">enfermedad card\u00edaca<\/a>. Los expertos han recomendado que la mejor manera de reducir la progresi\u00f3n de la diabetes\u2014y ayudar a prevenir las complicaciones\u2014es mantener un control estricto de los niveles de az\u00facar en la sangre. Para las personas m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes y saludables, esto significa mantener el<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/should-older-adults-with-diabetes-maintain-tight-blood-sugar-control\/\">nivel objetivo de az\u00facar en la sangre<\/a> (conocido como A1c o HbA1c) por debajo del 6.5% al 7.0%.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, para los adultos mayores que tienen una esperanza de vida limitada o que tienen demencia avanzada, mantener ese nivel objetivo de az\u00facar en la sangre puede causar m\u00e1s da\u00f1o que bien. Por ejemplo, estos adultos mayores podr\u00edan morir antes de recibir los beneficios potenciales. Adem\u00e1s, mantener estos niveles estrictos de az\u00facar en la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de eventos potencialmente da\u00f1inos, como un nivel bajo de az\u00facar en la sangre (tambi\u00e9n conocido como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/should-older-adults-with-diabetes-maintain-tight-blood-sugar-control\/\">hipoglucemia<\/a>). Esto puede causar ca\u00eddas o p\u00e9rdida de conciencia.<\/p>\n<p>Por estas razones, muchas pautas ahora sugieren apuntar un objetivo m\u00e1s alto para el HbA1c \u2014como entre 8.0 % y 9.0 %\u2014 para adultos mayores que tienen m\u00faltiples enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas o una esperanza de vida limitada, o que viven en hogares de ancianos.<\/p>\n<p>No hay mucha investigaci\u00f3n existente para guiar a los profesionales de la salud sobre cu\u00e1les son los niveles apropiados de medicamentos para la diabetes para este grupo de adultos mayores. Tambi\u00e9n hay poca informaci\u00f3n sobre los efectos para estas personas si toman menos medicamentos o una dosis menor para la diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>Los expertos sospechan que reducir el tratamiento de la diabetes en estos adultos mayores tiene el potencial de prevenir hospitalizaciones innecesarias debido a que reducir el riesgo da\u00f1ino de los medicamentos y mejorar la comodidad de los pacientes.<\/p>\n<p>Para investigar el problema, un equipo de investigadores dirigieron un estudio\u2014uno de los primeros estudios nacionales para examinar el posible sobretratamiento y la desintensificaci\u00f3n del tratamiento de la diabetes en residentes de hogares de ancianos con una esperanza de vida limitada o con demencia. Los investigadores eligieron a los residentes de hogares de ancianos para estudiar porque la admisi\u00f3n a un hogar de ancianos podr\u00eda darles la oportunidad, a los profesionales de la salud, de aprender m\u00e1s sobre los objetivos y preferencias de los pacientes y de revisar y ajustar los medicamentos en consecuencia. Los investigadores publicaron sus resultados en la revista llamada <em>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores examinaron la informaci\u00f3n de los hogares de ancianos de Asuntos de Veteranos del a\u00f1o 2009 a 2015. Su objetivo era aprender m\u00e1s sobre los adultos mayores con diabetes, particularmente aquellos que se acercan al final de su vida o que tienen demencia. Los investigadores investigaron si estos adultos mayores fueron tratados en exceso por diabetes, si hab\u00edan reducido sus reg\u00edmenes de medicamentos para la diabetes y qu\u00e9 efectos podr\u00edan resultar de una dosis baja, tipos de medicamento o diferentes medicamentos.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores quer\u00edan saber espec\u00edficamente con qu\u00e9 frecuencia se redujeron los tratamientos para la diabetes. Entre los residentes de hogares de ancianos identificados como potencialmente sobretratados, los investigadores examinaron cu\u00e1nto redujeron sus reg\u00edmenes de tratamiento de la diabetes durante los 90 d\u00edas de seguimiento.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores no consideraron los cambios en la dosis de insulina, porque las dosis de insulina pueden estar influenciadas por factores como los h\u00e1bitos alimenticios.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores dijeron que observaron un posible sobretratamiento de la diabetes en casi el 44 % de los ingresos a hogares de ancianos para veteranos con diabetes y veteranos que ten\u00edan una esperanza de vida limitada o demencia. Los residentes potencialmente sobretratados ten\u00edan casi 78 a\u00f1os, hombres, y blancos (no eran Latinos). Dos tercios de los residentes hab\u00edan ingresado en hogares de ancianos desde hospitales. Un total del 29% ten\u00edan demencia avanzada, casi el 14% estaban clasificado con el estado final de la vida y el 79% ten\u00edan un riesgo moderadamente alto de morir en seis meses. Muchos eran f\u00edsicamente dependientes y ten\u00edan enfermedades card\u00edacas y \/ o posibles complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes. Adem\u00e1s, aproximadamente el 9% de los residentes sobretratados tuvieron un episodio grave de bajo nivel de az\u00facar en la sangre en el a\u00f1o anterior, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de la desintensificaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Casi la mitad de los residentes recibieron dos o m\u00e1s medicamentos para la diabetes, y aquellos con niveles m\u00e1s altos de HbA1c de entre 6.5% y 7.5% recibieron m\u00e1s medicamentos para la diabetes que aquellos con niveles m\u00e1s bajos de HbA1c.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores concluyeron que muchos residentes veteranos de hogares de ancianos con esperanza de vida limitada o demencia pueden recibir un tratamiento excesivo por su diabetes al momento de la admisi\u00f3n. Los investigadores sugirieron que los estudios futuros examinen el impacto de la desintensificaci\u00f3n en los resultados de salud y los eventos adversos para comprender mejor los riesgos y beneficios de las estrategias de manejo de la diabetes en este grupo de adultos mayores.<\/p>\n<p>Casi la mitad de los residentes recibieron dos o m\u00e1s medicamentos para la diabetes, y aquellos con nivels de HbA1c m\u00e1s alto, entre 6.5% y 7.5%, recibieron m\u00e1s medicamentos para la diabetes que aquellos con niveles m\u00e1s bajos de HbA1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Este resumen es de la revista <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/jgs.16360\">&#8220;Desintensificaci\u00f3n de medicamentos para la diabetes entre veteranos al final de la vida en hogares del VA para ancianos.\u201d<\/a> Aparece en l\u00ednea antes de la impresi\u00f3n en el Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Los autores del estudio son Joshua D. Niznik, PharmD, PhD; Jacob N. Hunnicutt, PhD; Xinhua Zhao, PhD; Maria K. Mor, PhD; Florentina Sileanu, MS; Sherrie L. Aspinall, PharmD, MSc; Sydney P. Springer, PharmD, MS; Mary J. Ersek, PhD, RN; Walid F. Gellad, MD, MPH; Loren J. Schleiden, MS; Joseph T. Hanlon, PharmD, MS; Joshua M. Thorpe, PhD, MPH; y Carolyn T. Thorpe, PhD, MPH.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\u00a0Research Summary Tambi\u00e9n disponible en espa\u00f1ol \u2013 Ver abajo. One in four people aged 65 or older has diabetes. The disease is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and a major &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/should-diabetes-treatment-lessen-for-older-adults-approaching-the-end-of-life\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4,91],"tags":[17,269,133],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4252"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4252"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4257,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4252\/revisions\/4257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthinaging.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}