Fall Prevention

Sections

Causes

Falls rarely have one single cause

In most cases, several risk factors combine to increase the chance of falling. Aging can lead to changes in muscle strength, blood pressure control, vision, hearing, and balance. These changes raise the risk of falls.

Physical Risk Factors

As people age, they may develop conditions that increase fall risk. Examples include:

  • Arthritis and chronic pain
  • Diabetes
  • Anemia (low red blood cell count), or other blood disorders
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Weak leg muscles or foot problems
  • Dizziness (vertigo) or balance problems
  • Vision or hearing impairment
  • Numbness (neuropathy) in the legs or feet
  • Brain or mood disorders, such as dementia, Parkinson’s disease, depression, or psychotic disorders
  • Urinary or fecal incontinence (difficulty controlling bladder or bowel function), which may lead to rushing to the bathroom
  • Dehydration can cause low blood pressure (hypotension), which increases fall risk. Certain medications such as diuretics (water pills), or medical conditions such as diabetes can contribute to dehydration.
  • Fear of falling again

Medication Risk Factors

Older adults often take multiple medications, which may cause side effects or interact with each other. Starting a new medication or changing the dose of an existing medication can also increase the risk of falling. 

Examples of medications that may raise fall risk include:

  • Diuretics and blood pressure medications
  • Pain medications
  • Sedatives and sleeping pills
  • Insulin and other medications for diabetes that lower blood sugar
  • Antidepressants (medications used to treat depression) and other mental health medications
  • Antihistamines (often used to treat allergy symptoms)
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Medications used to treat dementia and Parkinson’s disease

Environmental Factors

The environment, including the home and workplace, can increase the risk of falls. Examples include:

  • Shoes that do not fit properly
  • Loose rugs or electrical cords, poorly lit stairways or hallways, clutter, or wet floors

 

Last Updated May 2026

Back To Top