Diabetes has two types of risk factors: controllable and uncontrollable. 

Risk Factors a Person Cannot Control

These include age, race, ethnicity, and family history of diabetes. 

• Almost 42% of American adults with diabetes are age 65 or older, with about the same number of men and women.
• Diabetes is more common in minority groups, such as Native Americans, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian Americans.

Controllable Risk Factors for Diabetes

• Overweight or obesity
• Extra fat around the waist (more than 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men)
• A high-fat diet or heavy alcohol use
• High cholesterol or high blood pressure
• Inflammation (the body’s response to injury, infection, toxins, or stress)
• Stress
• Lack of physical activity
• Certain medications. Your healthcare provider can review your medications.

Increased Risks for Other Health Problems

Over time, diabetes increases the risk of death and disability. High blood sugar can damage nerves and small blood vessels. 

This raises the risk of serious health problems in older adults, including:

• Heart disease, such as heart attacks
• Eye problems, including vision loss
• Kidney disease which can lead to dialysis
• Poor blood circulation, which can lead to serious problems, including wounds and amputations (such as surgical removal of part of the foot)
• Nerve problems, such as tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
• Cognitive (thinking and memory) problems
• Depression

Last Reviewed and Updated: August 2026 
By: AGS/HiAF Public Education Committee, HealthinAging.org Content Reviewers