Kidney Problems

Care & Treatment

Many kidney diseases can be treated. Treatment may include diet changes or medications. The type of treatment depends on the kind of kidney disease.

If kidney problems become very serious, dialysis may be needed. Hemodialysis uses a machine to clean the blood when the kidneys cannot do this job well enough.

Medication doses may need to be adjusted when kidney function decreases. This is sometimes called “renal dosing.” If the kidneys are not working well, medicines can build up in the body and cause harm.

Diet

Talk with a kidney dietitian for help planning a healthy diet that meets your needs. This is especially important if you have advanced kidney disease.

People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often need to limit protein, especially from animal foods. They may also need to limit foods high in phosphorus and potassium. A dietitian can help plan safe meals. Some people may need medications to lower phosphorus levels.

Medications

Many medicines must be avoided or used with caution in people with kidney disease. These include:

  • NSAIDs (pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen)
  • Some antihistamines
  • Many antibiotics
  • Some heart medicines, including certain blood thinners

People with kidney disease may also need:

  • Iron pills, if they have anemia (low red blood cell count)
  • Vitamin D supplements (these must be closely monitored because they can raise the risk of kidney stones)
  • Medicines to lower phosphate levels (a mineral in the blood)

Treatment is different depending on the type of kidney disease. Click on the below topics to read more.

Dialysis

Dialysis is a treatment that does the work of healthy kidneys. It removes waste and extra fluid from the blood. There are two main types of dialysis.

Hemodialysis

The person sits in a chair for several hours, usually several times each week. Blood flows through a machine that cleans it and then returns it to the body. 

Peritoneal dialysis

A special fluid is placed into the belly through a tube. The fluid pulls waste from the blood. Later, the fluid and waste are drained out. This type of dialysis is done daily and does not require sitting in a clinic for several hours. The choice between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis depends on a person’s health, personal wishes, and available services. Both types have similar survival rates. Frail older adults may not benefit from dialysis as much as younger or stronger adults.

Most people receive hemodialysis. It can help people live longer and maintain a good quality of life.

People with dementia may try dialysis if their thinking problems are caused by kidney failure. If their thinking improves after four to six weeks, dialysis may continue. Some people with dementia may not tolerate dialysis well.

Kidney transplantation

Many healthy older adults with kidney failure can benefit from a kidney transplant. A new kidney can help them live longer. Older adults may also have a lower risk of rejecting the new kidney compared to younger people.

A kidney specialist (nephrologist) will review health risks and discuss the benefits and risks of a transplant.

  • The wait time for a donated kidney is often about five years. Because of this, it is important to explore transplant options as early as possible.

  • A living donor transplant is another option. If a donor is approved and matches the patient, surgery can be planned without a long waiting period.

After a transplant, a person must take medications for life to prevent the body from rejecting the new kidney.
 

Last Updated April 2026

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