As people age, the parts of the body that support the joints often change. Cartilage can become thinner. Tendons may wear down or become irritated. The lining of the joint can become inflamed. These changes, along with common muscle and joint conditions, can cause pain and limit daily activities.
Damage or irritation to cartilage, tendons, ligaments, or the joint lining may cause:
- Pain from bones rubbing together or from irritated tissue
- Changes in the shape or position of the joint
- Stiffness, especially in the morning
- Swelling or warmth around the joint
- Less ability to move the joint fully
These problems are common in older adults. They are more likely in people who have had joint injuries, are overweight, or have diabetes. In some cases, joint pain and changes in joint shape can make daily activities very difficult, and treatment may be needed.
See your healthcare provider if you have joint pain along with swelling, redness, warmth, tenderness, or trouble moving the joint.
Who Can Help
Your primary care provider can treat many muscle, bone, and joint problems. Some conditions may need care from a specialist:
- Physical therapists help improve strength, movement, and physical function.
- Occupational therapists help people improve their ability to do daily activities, such as dressing, cooking, and bathing.
- Orthopedists are doctors who treat bone, joint, and muscle problems.
- Physiatrists are doctors who specialize in rehabilitation and restoring physical function.
- Rheumatologists are doctors who treat joint and connective tissue diseases.
Last Updated April 2026