Arthritis

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Diagnosis & Tests

A health care provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. They may also order tests to learn what type of arthritis you have.

Physical Examination

The provider will ask about your symptoms, health conditions, and medications. They will also check:

  • Reflexes
  • Muscle strength
  • Range of motion (how well your joints move)
  • How you stand, walk, and bend
  • Joints for swelling or other signs of arthritis

Often, this exam is enough to diagnose osteoarthritis.

X-rays

X-rays can show:

  • Bone damage
  • Loss of cartilage
  • Bone spurs
  • Pieces of bone or cartilage in the joint

X-rays can also help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

An MRI is a painless test that creates detailed images of joints and soft tissues. It shows tissues such as ligaments and tendons better than X-rays.

MRIs are often used for knee or shoulder problems, especially when a torn ligament or tendon is suspected.

Joint aspiration

In this test, a provider uses a needle to remove a small amount of fluid from a joint. The fluid is tested for bacteria, crystals, and cells that show inflammation. This test is often used to diagnose infections or gout in a joint.

Blood tests

Blood tests can help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and gout.

Tests for rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis can be difficult to diagnose early because symptoms may be mild at first. A provider may order blood tests to help confirm the diagnosis.


Last Reviewed and Updated: October 2026 
By: AGS/HiAF Public Education Committee, HealthinAging.org Content Reviewers 

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